In this episode, we unpack one of linguistics’ biggest controversies: When does a dialect become a language?
It sounds simple if people understand each other, it’s a language; if they don’t, it’s a different one.

From Arabic’s vast dialect continuum to the many “dialects” of China that are actually separate languages… from Italy’s regional languages to Scots, Hindi/Urdu, and Serbo-Croatian, this episode uncovers how identity, politics, history, religion, geography, and culture shape what we call a language.

Discover:
• Why mutual intelligibility doesn’t actually determine language boundaries
• How Arabic varieties can be mutually unintelligible yet considered one language
• Why Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, Min & Hakka aren’t “dialects” at all
• How Dante helped elevate Tuscan above Italy’s many regional languages
• How Hindi & Urdu became political symbols, not just linguistic variations
• Why Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian & Montenegrin became separate languages
• Why Scots deserves to be recognized as a language, not a dialect
• How power, not grammar, decides what counts as a language

Whether you love linguistics, world cultures, or understanding how humans build identity through speech, this episode reveals the hidden forces behind every language you’ve ever heard.

Do you think dialects should be considered languages when their communities want them to be?
Share your thoughts below.

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Chapters:
The Big Question
Mutual Intelligibility Isn’t Enough
Languages Misclassified as Dialects
Dialects Elevated by Politics
Language, Identity & Power
So When Does a Dialect Become a Language?
Final Thoughts

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