Lingthusiasm Episode 110: The history of the history of Indo-European – Interview with Danny Bate

Before there was English, or Latin, or Czech, or Hindi, there was a language that they all have in common, which we call Proto-Indo-European. Linguists have long been fascinated by the quest to get a glimpse into what Proto-Indo-European must have looked like through careful comparisons between languages we do have records for, and this very old topic is still undergoing new discoveries.

In this episode, your host Gretchen McCulloch gets enthusiastic about the process of figuring out Proto-Indo-European with Dr. Danny Bate, public linguist, host of the podcast A Language I Love Is…, and author of the book Why Q Needs U. We talk about why figuring out the word order of a 5000-year-old language is harder than figuring out the sounds, and a great pop linguistics/history book we’ve both been reading that combines recent advances in linguistic, archaeological, and genetic evidence to reexamine where these ancient Proto-Indo-European folks lived: Proto by Laura Spinney. We also talk about Danny’s own recent book on the history of the alphabet, featuring fun facts about C, double letters, and izzard!

Click here for a link to this episode in your podcast player of choice or read the transcript here.

Announcements:

In this month’s bonus episode we get enthusiastic about celebratory days, years, decades, and more with some relationship to linguistics! We recently learned that people in the UK have been celebrating National Linguistics Day on November 26th and many lingcommers are excited about the idea of taking those celebrations international: World Linguistics Day, anyone? What we learned putting this episode together is that celebratory days take off when groups of people decide to make them happen so…let’s see how many different locations around the world we can wish each other Happy World Linguistics Day from this year!

Join us on Patreon now to get access to this and 100+ other bonus episodes. You’ll also get access to the Lingthusiasm Discord server where you can chat with other language nerds.

Here are the links mentioned in the episode:

Danny Bate on Bluesky and Twitter
‘Why Q Needs U’ by Danny Bate, on Amazon and Bookshop (affiliate links)
Danny Bate’s ‘A Language I Love Is…’ podcast (Gretchen’s episode about Montreal French and Lauren’s episode about Yolmo)
‘Proto; How One Ancient Language Went Global’ by Laura Spinney on Amazon and Bookshop (affiliate links)
‘Proto-Indo-European and Laura Spinney’ on Danny Bate’s ‘A Language I Love Is…’ Podcast
Simon Roper on YouTube
Jackson Crawford on YouTube
Wikipedia entry for ‘Czech language’
Wikipedia entry for ‘Old Church Slavonic’
You can listen to this episode via Lingthusiasm.com, Soundcloud, RSS, Apple Podcasts/iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts. You can also download an mp3 via the Soundcloud page for offline listening.

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Lingthusiasm is on Bluesky, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Mastodon, and Tumblr.

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When Does a Dialect Become a Language?

In this episode, we unpack one of linguistics’ biggest controversies: When does a dialect become a language?
It sounds simple if people understand each other, it’s a language; if they don’t, it’s a different one.

From Arabic’s vast dialect continuum to the many “dialects” of China that are actually separate languages… from Italy’s regional languages to Scots, Hindi/Urdu, and Serbo-Croatian, this episode uncovers how identity, politics, history, religion, geography, and culture shape what we call a language.

Discover:
• Why mutual intelligibility doesn’t actually determine language boundaries
• How Arabic varieties can be mutually unintelligible yet considered one language
• Why Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, Min & Hakka aren’t “dialects” at all
• How Dante helped elevate Tuscan above Italy’s many regional languages
• How Hindi & Urdu became political symbols, not just linguistic variations
• Why Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian & Montenegrin became separate languages
• Why Scots deserves to be recognized as a language, not a dialect
• How power, not grammar, decides what counts as a language

Whether you love linguistics, world cultures, or understanding how humans build identity through speech, this episode reveals the hidden forces behind every language you’ve ever heard.

Do you think dialects should be considered languages when their communities want them to be?
Share your thoughts below.

Like, subscribe, and hit the bell for more deep dives into how humans speak, learn, and evolve across continents and centuries.

Bring language to life with Airlearn: https://airlearn.onelink.me/FBTy/gz84

Chapters:
The Big Question
Mutual Intelligibility Isn’t Enough
Languages Misclassified as Dialects
Dialects Elevated by Politics
Language, Identity & Power
So When Does a Dialect Become a Language?
Final Thoughts

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We made a whole physics video about falling toast

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This Plane Cured My Fear of Flying

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What an ambulance looks like in Venice

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The English words nobody can explain

[…]

Let’s explore some English mysteries. And go to https://ground.news/robwords to see how language shapes our perspectives. Save 40% for unlimited access to the Vantage Plan through my link.

Some of the most ordinary words in English have origins that no one can explain. Among them: “dog”, “big”, “bird”, “donkey”, “boy”, “girl” and “puzzle”.

In this episode, let’s trace their earliest appearances, explore the theories behind them, and unravel why these everyday words became some of our language’s greatest mysteries.

👕COOL TSHIRTS: https://robwords.com/shop
⭐️PATREON COMMUNITY: / robwords
📝FREE NEWSLETTER: https://www.robwords.com/newsletter

Check me out on the web, on Twitter & TikTok:
https://robwords.com
https://x.com/robwordsYT
/ robwords

[…]

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How Scientists Created World’s Thinnest Pasta

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When you can read Chinese

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The weirdest verb in English

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Your Name Shapes Your Face

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